UGC NET Syllabus for Geography Syllabus 2016

UGC NET Geography Syllabus

(Paper-II & III)

Paper–II

Unit-1
Geomorphology : Fundamental concepts; Endogenetic and Exogenetic forces; Denudation and weathering; Geosynclines, Continental drift and plate tectonics; Concept of geomorphic cycle; Landforms associated with fluvial, glacial, arid, coastal and karst cycles.
Unit-2
Climatology : Composition and structure of the atmosphere; Heat budget of the earth; Distribution of temperature; Atmospheric pressure and general circulation of winds; Monsoon and jet stream; Tropical and temperate cyclones; Classification of world climates; Koppen’s and Thornthwaite’s schemes.
Unit-3
(A) Oceanography : Ocean deposits; Coral reefs. Temperature and salinity of the oceans; Density of sea water; Tides and ocean currents.
(B) Bio-Geography : World distribution of plants and animals; Forms and functions of ecosystem; Conservation and management of ecosystems; Problems of pollution.
Unit-4
Geographic Thought : General character of geographic knowledge during the ancient, and medieval period; Foundations of modern geography; Determinism and possibilism; Areal differentiation and spatial organisation.
Unit-5
(A) Population Geography : Patterns of world distribution; Growth and density of population; Patterns and processes of migration; Demographic transition.
(B) Settlement Geography : Site, situation, types, size, spacing and internal morphology of rural and urban settlements; City-region; Primate city; Rank-size rule; Settlement hierarchy; Christaller’s Central Place theory; August Lösch’s theory of market centres.
Unit-6
Economic Geography : Sectors of economy : primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary; Natural resources : renewable and non-renewable :
(A) Measurement of agricultural productivity and efficiency; Crop combination and diversification. Von Thünen’s model.
(B) Classification of industries : Weber’s and Losch’s approaches; Resource based and footloose industries.
(C) Models of transportation and transport cost : Accessibility and connectivity.
Unit-7
(A) Political Geography : Heartland and Rimland theories; Boundaries and frontiers.
(B) Social Geography : Ethnicity; tribe; dialect, language, caste and religion; Concept of social well-being.
(C) Cultural Geography : Culture-areas and cultural regions; Human races; Habital, economy and society of tribal groups.
Unit-8
Regional Planning : Regional concept in geography; Concept of planning regions; Types of regions; Methods of regional delineation; Regional planning in India; Indicators of development; Regional imbalances.
Unit-9
Geography of India : Physiographic divisions; Climate : its regional variations; Vegetation types and vegetation regions; Major soil types; Irrigation and agriculture; Population distribution and growth; Settlement patterns; Mineral and power resources; Major industries and industrial regions.
Unit-10
(A) Cartography : Types of maps : Techniques for the study of spatial patterns of distribution; Choropleth; Isopleth and Chorochromatic maps and pie diagram; Mapping of locationspecific data; Accessibility and flow maps.
Remote sensing and computer application in mapping; Digital mapping; Geographic Information System (GIS).
(B) Statistical Methods : Data sources and types of data; Frequency distribution and cumulative frequency; Measures of central tendency; Selection of class intervals for mapping; Measures of dispersion and concentration; Standard deviation; Lorenz curve; Methods of measuring association among different attributes; Simple and multiple correlation; Regression.
Nearest-neighbour analysis; Scaling techniques; Rank score; Weighted score; Sampling techniques for geographical analysis.

PAPER–III

Unit-1
Geomorphology : Fundamental concepts; Factors controlling landform development; Endogenetic and Exogenetic forces; Denudation process ; Weathering and erosion; Geosynclines, mountain building, continental drift and plate tectonics; Concept of Geomorphic Cycle; Landforms associated with fluvial, glacial, arid, coastal and karst cycles, Slope forms and processes; Environmental and Applied Geomorphology.
Unit-2
Climatology : Composition and structure of the atmosphere; Insolation; Heat budget of the earth; Distribution of temperature; atmospheric pressure and general circulation of winds; Monsoons and jet streams; Stability and instability of the atmosphere; Air-masses; Fronts; temperate and tropical cyclones; Types and distribution of precipitation; Classification of world climates; Koppen’s and Thornthwaite’s schemes; Hydrological Cycle; Global warming.
Unit-3
(A) Oceanography : Origin of oceans basins; Bottom relief of Indian, Atlantic and Pacific Oceans; Ocean deposits; Coral reefs; Temperature and salinity of the Oceans; Density of sea water; Tides and ocean currents; Sea-level changes.
(B) Bio-Geography : Physical factors influencing world distribution of plants and animals; Forms and functions of ecosystem : Forest, grassland, marine and mountain ecosystem; Biodiversity and its depletion through natural and man-induced causes; Conservation and management of ecosystems; Environmental hazards and problems of pollution; Ozone depletion.
Unit-4
History of Geographic Thought : General character of geographic knowledge during the ancient, and medieval period; Foundations of modern geography : Contribution of German, French, British and American schools; Conceptual and methodological developments during the 20th century; Changing paradigms; man and environment, determinism and possibilism, areal differentiation and spatial organisation; Quantitative revolution; Impact of positivism, humanism, radicalism and behaviouralism in geography.
Unit-5
(A) Population Geography : Nature, scope, subject matter and recent trends : Patterns of world distribution, growth and density of population; Policy issues; Patterns and processes of migration; Demographic transition; Population-resource regions.
(B) Settlement Geography : Site, situation, types, size, spacing and internal morphology of rural and urban settlements; Ecological processes of urban growth; Urban fringe, City-region; Settlement systems; Primate city; Rank-size rule; Settlement hierarchy; Christaller’s Central Place theory; August Losch’s theory of market centres.
Unit-6
Economic Geography : Location of economic activities and spatial organization of economies; Classification of economies; Sectors of economy : primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary; Natural resources : Renewable and non-renewable; Conservation of resources :
(A) Agricultural Geography : Concept and techniques of delimitation of agricultural regions; Measurement of agricultural productivity and efficiency; Crop combinations and diversification; Von Thünen’s model; Agricultural systems of the world.
(B) Industrial Geography : Classification of industries : Weber’s and Losch’s approaches; Resource based and footloose industries.
(C) Geography of Transport and Trade : Models of transportation and transport cost; Accessibility and connectivity : Inter-regional and Intra-regional : Comparative cost advantages.
Unit-7
(A) Political Geography : Definition and scope of Political Geography; Geopolitics; Global strategic views (Heartland and Rimland theories); Concept of nation, state and nation-state; Boundaries and frontiers; Politics of world resources; Geography and Federalism.
(B) Social Geography : Nature and scope of social geography; Social structure and social processes; Elements of Social Geography—ethnicity, tribe, dialect, language, caste and religion; Concept of Social well-being.
(C) Cultural Geography : Nature and scope of cultural geography; Environment and culture; Concept of culture-areas and cultural regions; Theories of tribal groups; Dwelling places as cultural expressions.
Unit-8
Regional Planning : Regional concept in geography; its application to planning; Concept of planning region; Regional hierarchy; Types of regions and methods of regional delineation; Conceptual and theoretical framework of regional planning; Regional planning in India : Concept of development; indicators of development; Regional imbalances.
Unit-9
Geography of India : Physiographic divisions; Climate : its regional variations; Vegetation types and vegetation regions; Major soil types; Coastal and Marine resources; Water resources; Irrigation; Agriculture; Agroclimatic regions; Mineral and power resources; Major industries and industrial regions; Population distribution and growth; Settlement patterns; Regional disparities in social and economic development.
Unit-10
(A) Cartography : Map as a tool in geographical studies; Types of maps : Techniques for the study of spatial patterns of distribution; Single purpose and composite maps; Choropleth, Isopleth and Chorochromatic maps and pie diagrams; Mapping of location specific data; Accessibility and flow maps.
Remote sensing and computer application in mapping; Digital mapping; Geographic Information System (GIS) : Thematic maps.
(B) Statistical Methods : Data sources and types of data; Statistical diagrams; Study of frequency distribution and cumulative frequency; Measures of central tendency; Selection of class intervals for mapping; Measures of dispersion and concentration; Standard deviation; Lorenz curve; Methods of measuring association among different attributes; Simple and multiple correlation; Regression.
Measurement of spatial patterns of distribution; Nearest-neighbour analysis; Scaling techniques, rank score, weighted score; Sampling techniques for geographical analysis.