Water is known to the greatest natural resource of the whole of humanity. It makes possible the possibility of any forms of life here and their existence. The ecological balance in the biosphere is maintained by water. Clean water is very important for fulfilling the purpose of drinking, bathing, washing, power generation, irrigation of crops, disposal of sewage, manufacturing processes and many more.
Water pollution is the pollution of bodies of water, such as lakes, rivers, seas, the oceans, as well as groundwater. It exists when pollutants reach these bodies of water, without treatment. Waste from homes, factories and other buildings gets into the water bodies.
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The main causes of water pollution are industrial waste, mining activities, chemical pesticides and fertilizers, burning of fossil fuels, accidental oil leakage, marine dumping, animal waste, urban development, global warming, radioactive waste, and leakage from sewer lines. The mixing of such pollutants directly into the water bodies decreases the self-purifying capacity of the water by declining the ozone available in the water. We should be very careful about water pollution because there is less water available for drinking, cooking, irrigating crops and washing.
Contamination of water spoils the chemical, physical and biological characteristics of the water which is very harmful to human beings, animals and plants. Many species of animals and plants have been lost because of water contamination. Whole water is getting polluted day by day to a great level because mining, various industries, urban human activities, agriculture, stockbreeding, increasing the number of manufacturing industries, domestic sewage, etc. Agriculture is considered one of the biggest sources of water pollution.
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There are many sources of water pollution consisting of pipelines, ditches, sewers, etc from industries, sewage treatment plants, landfills, hazardous waste sites, leakage from oil storage tanks which discharges wastes directly into the water bodies.
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