Unemployment is one of the major hindrances of economic and sustainable growth of India. Educated youths in India are facing some serious. Unemployment refers to 'the state of being unemployed or not having a job i.e. joblessness. A person is said to be unemployed if he or she is looking for work or is willing to work at the prevailing wage but is unable to find the job.
To overcome the problem of unemployment, the government has released several government schemes. These are the 8 major schemes out of the same schemes. By which the youth can remove their unemployment.
Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act
● The government of India introduced 'Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act' (MGNREGA) under The Ministry of Rural Development (MoRD), aims at enhancing the livelihood security of households in rural areas of the country.
● The Act ensures for providing at least one hundred days of guaranteed wage employment in a financial year to every household whose adult members volunteer to do unskilled manual work. The Act came into force on February 2, 2006 All rural districts are covered under Mahatma Gandhi NREGA.
Prime Minister's Employment Generation Programme
● Prime Minister's Employment Generation Programme (PMEGP) has been created by merging two schemes, Prime Minister's Rojgar Yojana (PMRY) and Rural Employment Generation Programme (REGP) in 2008.
● It is a credit-linked subsidy programme being implemented by Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises.
● It aims at generating self -employment opportunities through establishment of micro enterprises by organizing traditional artisans and unemployed youth.
● The scheme is implemented by Khadi and Village Industries Commission (KYlC) at the national level and by KYlC Directorates, Khadi and Village Industries Board and Districts Industries Centres at the state level.
Pt. Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Grameen Kaushalya Yojana
● The Ministry of Rural Development (MoRD) announced the Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Grameen Kaushalya Yojana (DDU-GKY) Antyodaya Diwas, on September 25,' 2014.
● DDU-GKY is a part of the National Rural Livelihood Mission (NRLM), tasked with the dual objectives of adding diversity to the incomes of rural poor families and cater to the career aspirations of rural youth.
● DDU-GKY is uniquely focused on rural youth between the ages of 15 and 35 years from poor families. Over 180 million or 69% of the country's youth population between the ages of 18 and 34 years, live in its rural areas.
● As a part of the Skill India campaign, it plays an instrumental role in supporting the social and economic programs of the government like'the Make In India, Digital India, Smart Cities and Start-Up India, Stand-up India campaigns.
Aajeevika-National Rural Livelihoods Programme
● Aajeevika scheme was launched by the Ministry of Rural Development (MoRD), Government of India in the year 2011.
● NRLM has set out with an agenda to cover 7 crore rural poor households, across 6 lakh villages in the country through self-managed Self Help Groups (SHGs) and federated institutions and support them for livelihoods collectives in a period of 8-10 years.
● In addition, the poor would be facilitated to achieve increased access to their rights, entitlements and public services, diversified risk and better social indicators of empowerment.
● The Government subsidy under the scheme will be distributed to the beneficiaries/entrepreneurs through identified banks by KYIC.
Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana-National Urban Livelihoods Mission
● Deen Dayal Antyodaya Yojana (DAY) launched in 2013 with an aim to uplift the urban poor folks by enhancing sustainable livelihood opportunities through skill development.
● Keeping in view the objective of Make in India, Skill Development is essential for socio economic betterment.
● Deen Dayal Antyodaya Yojana was launched under the Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation (HUPA). Government of India has provisioned Rs. 500 crore for the scheme.
● The scheme is integration of the National Urban Livelihoods Mission (NULM) and National Rural Livelihoods Mission (NRLM). National Urban Livelihoods Mission (NULM) is renamed as Deen Dayal Antyodaya Yojana (DAY-NULM).
● Under the scheme urban areas extends the coverage to all the 4041 statutory cities and towns, there by covering almost the entire urban population. Currently, all the urban poverty alleviating programmes covered only 790 towns and cities.
● The primary target of NULM is the urban poor, including the urban homeless. Funding will be shared between the Centre and the States in the ratio of 75 : 25.
● For North Eastern and Special Category States (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim, Tripura, Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand), this ratio will be 90 : 10.
● The core belief of National Urban 'Livelihoods Mission (NULM) is that the poor are entrepreneurial and have innate desire to come out of poverty.
Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana
● Launched in the year 2015, Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana (PMMY) is a flagship scheme of Government of India to "fund the unfunded" by bringing such enterprises to the formal financial system and extending affordable credit to them.
● It enables a small borrower to borrow from all Public Sector Banks such as PSU Banks, Regional Rural Banks and Cooperative Banks, Private Sector Banks, Foreign Banks, Micro Finance Institutions (MFI) and Non-Banking Finance Companies (NBFC) for loans up to Rs. 10 lakhs for non-farm income generating activities.
● Any Indian Citizen who has a business plan for a non-farm sector income generating activity such as manufacturing, processing, trading or
service sector and whose credit need is less than Rs. 10 lakh can approach either a Bank, MFI, or NBFC for availing of Micro Units Development & Refinance Agency Ltd. (MUDRA) loans under Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana (PMMY).
● Under the aegis of Pradhan Mantri MUDRA Yojana, MUDRA has already created the following products/ schemes.
● Shishu covering loans upto Rs. 50000/-
● Kishor covering loans above Rs. 50000/- and up to Rs. 5 lakh
● Tarun covering loans above Rs. 5 lakh and up to Rs. 10 lakh
National Skill Development Mission
● It was launched in 2015 on World Youth Skills Day. The Mission has been developed to create convergence across sectors and States in terms of skill training activities.
● Further, to achieve the vision of 'Skilled India', the National Skill Development Mission would not only consolidate and coordinate skilling efforts but also expedite decision making across sectors to achieve skilling at scale with speed and standards.
● It is implemented through a streamlined institutional mechanism driven by the Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship (MSDE).
● Key institutional mechanisms for achieving the objectives of the Mission have been divided into three tiers, which will consist of a Governing Council for policy guidance at apex level, a Steering Committee and a Mission Directorate (along with an Executive Committee) as the executive arm of the Mission.
Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana
● Under Skill India Mission, Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship has implemented a flagship scheme known as 'Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY), with an objective to provide skilling to one crore people under Short Term Training (SIT), Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL) and Special Project (SP) across the country for four years i.e. 2016-2020 with an outlay of Rs. 12000 crore.
● Under the scheme, short duration skill development training programme is being imparted to all prospective candidates including candidates belonging to BPL in the country.
● Under PMKVY 2016-20 scheme, placement tracking is mandatory. The placement data is reported within 90 days of certification of the trained candidate. As per data reported on SDMS, as on January 24, 2019, 21.03lakh candidates are certified under SIT and SPs of PMKVY 2016-20.
Pradhan Mantri Rojgar Protsahan Yojana
● The PM Rojgar Protsahan Yojana has been initiated by the Ministry of Labour and Employment in the year 2016-17 for incentivising employers for employment generation.
● Under this scheme, government is paying the entire employer'S contribution (12% or as admissible) towards the EPS and EPF for all sectors to all eligible new employees for the next 3 years from the date of registration of the new employee.
● Till the date, benefits have been given to 1.29 lakh establishments covering 1.05 crore beneficiaries.
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