Correct Usage of Tenses
Incorrect :I have gone there yesterday. Correct :
She has come here two days ago. Correct :
He has done it last June. Correct :
You have built a house last year. Correct :
Note : जब वाक्य में yesterday, ago, last year/month/week, in 2010 आदि हों तो उस वाक्य का verb past indefinite में होता है। किन्तु जब कार्य पूरा हो गया हो परन्तु the period of time stated पूरा नहीं हुआ हो तब present perfect का प्रयोग हो सकता है। जैसे–
I have read four books this week. (week not yet finished.)
He has seen her this morning. (morning not yet finished.)
Incorrect :
I am here since 2001.Correct :
He doesn’t write to you for a week. Correct :
You are sitting here since five o’clock. Correct :
We study here for the last five years. Correct :
This was my ideal since a long time ago. Correct :
Note : यदि वाक्य में for या since रहे तो उस वाक्य का verb present perfect या present perfect continuous tense में होता है। since से point of time का बोध होता है; for से period of time का।
जब इसी अर्थ में since किसी clause को govern करता है तब उस clause का verb simple past tense में ही रहेगा। जैसे–
I haven’t eaten bananas since I have been a child. (incorrect)
I haven’t eaten bananas since I was a child. (correct)
Tunu hasn’t written to us since he has left home. (incorrect)
Tunu hasn’t written to us since he left home. (correct)
Incorrect :
I didn’t yet see him. Correct :
She finished her work now and is satisfied. Correct :
He already gave me a book. Correct :
They just came here. Correct :
Note : Yet, now, already, just, not yet adverbials of present time हैं, इनके साथ present perfect का प्रयोग किया जाता है। किन्तु now/at this moment के साथ present progressive का भी प्रयोग होता है। जैसे– I am writing now.
He is sleeping at this moment.
Incorrect :
We shall look forward to seeing you. Correct :
I shall accept your invitation with pleasure. Correct :
Note : Don’t use a future tense when a present meaning is really intended.
Incorrect :
He will come when he will be ready. Correct :
They will write as soon as they will arrive home. Correct :
She will do it if she will have time. Correct :
Note : When, as soon as, if, after, before, until, till temporal conjunctions हैं, इनके बाद future tense का प्रयोग नहीं करें।
Incorrect :
It’s high time that you go home. Correct :
If only he could swim ! Correct :
I wish I were the Prime Minister. Correct :
Note : (i) It’s time (that), it’s high (that), suppose (that), if only, I wish (that) के बाद past simple का प्रयोग किया जाता है, future या present tense का नहीं। कभी-कभी if only के बाद past perfect का भी प्रयोग किया जाता है। जैसे–
If only I had a camera ! (Now)
If only I had had a camera ! (Yesterday)
Incorrect :
Many people are go to Europe. Correct :
I am seldom go to the cinema. Correct :
I shall went home at 10. Correct :
He did not believed it. Correct :
Does the boy writes every day ? Correct :
He can speaks English well. Correct :
Note : (i) Am/are/is + infinitive without to (= am go/are play/is sing) का प्रयोग नहीं किया जाता है;
(ii) shall, will, should, would, may, might, can, could, must के बाद verb का simple रूप आता है (= may come, will run, could see, must play आदि)
(iii) do, does तथा did के verb का simple रूप आता है (= do go, does run, did play).
Incorrect :
He swum out. Correct :
He run and climbed the tree. Correct :
Note : Swim का past tense swam होता है, past participle रूप swum होता है; run present tense है, ran past tense.
Incorrect :
We were changed in to another train. Correct :
Will you go to Patna last month. Correct :
Note : We are changed into another train का अर्थ होता है–We became a train; last month – past tense हैं, will go – future, दोनों एक साथ प्रयुक्त नहीं हो सकते।
Incorrect :
Whom do you like to meet this afternoon ? Correct :
They had gone to Pune last summer. Correct :
Note : Do you like के बाद अक्सर –ing form लगता है (= Do you like swimming ?) तथा इससे habitual action का बोध होता है; would you like के बाद to + infinitive लगता है तथा इससे future action का बोध होता है।
Incorrect :
I am born in India. Correct :
I have been born in a village. Correct :
Note : Was born idiomatic है, और इसी का प्रयोग होता है।
Incorrect :
I have forgot to bring the book. Correct :
I had finished the work yesterday. Correct :
I shall went home at 10. Correct :
I have not think about it. Correct :
He has arrange a good programme. Correct :
Note : Present perfect tense में has/have के बाद past participle लगता है (=has done, have finished); shall/will के बाद verb का simple रूप लगता है; yesterday/last year आदि के साथ verb simple past tense में रहता है।
Incorrect :
The earth is moving round the sun. Correct :
We are playing cricket every day. Correct :
Note : जो कार्य नित्यदिन होता है, उसके लिए simple present tense का प्रयोग किया जाता है।
Incorrect :
It is necessary that the weather is dry. Correct :
Note : It is necessary that के बाद verb should का प्रयोग किया जाता है।
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